|
ePhpy; fye;Js;s rpy Kf;fpa
nghUl;fspd; mjpfgl;r mDkjp msTfs; fPNo jug;gl;Ls;sJ. (BIS- Bureau of Indian Standards-Guideline values):
|
vz; |
jd;ik /fiunghUs;
(Characteristics) |
mDkjp msT (kp.fp/ypl;lh;) |
|
1 |
Njhw;wk; |
epwk; njspthf ,Uj;jy; |
|
2 |
epwk; (gpshl;bdk; - Nfhghy;L myF) |
25 |
|
3 |
kzk; |
kzkw;W njspthf ,Uj;jy; |
|
4 |
fyq;fy; (negNyhkPl;lh; fyq;fy; myF- NTU) |
10 |
|
5 |
nkhj;jfiu cg;Gf;fs; (Tot.dissolved
solids) |
2000 |
|
6 |
gp.vr; (pH - myF ,y;iy) |
6.5-8.5 |
|
7 |
fhuj;jd;ik (Alkalinity as CaCO3) |
600 |
|
8 |
fbdj;jd;ik (Total Hardness as
CaCO3) |
600 |
|
9 |
fhy;rpak; (Calcium as Ca) |
200 |
|
10 |
kf;dPrpak; (Magnesium as Mg) |
100 |
|
11 |
,Uk;G (Iron
as Fe) |
1.0 |
|
12 |
khq;fdPR (Manganese as Mn) |
0.3 |
|
13 |
iel;Nul;L (Nitrate as NO3) |
100 |
|
14 |
FNshiuL (Chloride as Cl) |
1000 |
|
15 |
GNshiuL (Fluoride as F) |
1.5 |
|
16 |
ry;Ngl;L |
400 |
|
17 |
mYkpdpak; (Aluminium as Al) |
0.2 |
|
18 |
Mh;rdpf; (Arsenic as As) |
0.05 |
|
19 |
FNuhkpak; (Chromium as Cr) |
0.05 |
|
20 |
nkh;Fhp (Mercury as Hg) |
0.001 |
|
21 |
fhl;kpak; (Cadmium as Cd) |
0.01 |
|
22 |
nrypdpak; (Selenium as Se) |
0.01 |
|
23 |
<ak; (Lead as Pb) |
0.05 |
|
24 |
jhkpuk; (Copper as Cu) |
1.5 |
|
25 |
Jj;jehfk; (Zinc as Zn) |
15 |
|
26 |
Nghuhd; (Boron as B) |
5 |
|
27 |
raidL (Cyanide as CN) |
0.05 |
|
28 |
G+R;rpnfhy;ypfs; |
0.001 |
|
29 |
Ez;Zaph;fs; (vz;zpf;if) |
,Uf;ff;$lhJ |
|
30 |
FNshhpd; (Fiwe;jmsT) (Res.Cl2
as Cl) |
0.2 |
ePhpy; Ez;Zaph;fs;:
ghf;Bhpah vd;gJ kpfr;rpwpa
xU - nry; caphp MFk;. ghf;Bhpahit fz;zhy; ghh;f;f KbahJ. ikf;Nuh];Nfhg;gpd; %yKk; fhzKbahJ. ,it vy;yh ,lq;fspYk; gutpf;fhzg;gLfpwJ. ,it kz;> ePh;> fhw;W czTg;nghl;fs; mOFk; fhpkg; nghUl;fs; Mfpatw;wpy; epiwe;Js;sd. ,it nehbapy; gy;yhapuf;fzf;fpy; gy;fpg; ngUFk;.
XU rpy ghf;Bhpahf;fs; jhtuq;fs;> tpyq;Ffs;>kdpjd;> Mfpatw;wpy; xl;Lz;zpahf tho;e;J Nehapidj; Njhw;Wtpf;fpd;wd. rpy rhWz;zpfshf tho;fpd;wd. kdpjd; my;yJ
tpyq;Fspd; rpWFlypy; ,it thOk;. V];]hprpahNfhyp (Escherisia coli) xU xl;Lz;zpahFk;. XU
rpy ghf;Bhpahf;fs; ed;ik gag;gdthFk; cs;sd.
ePhpy; Neha; cz;lhf;Fk;
fpUkpfs; ,Ug;gjhy; tapw;Wg;Nghf;F> the;jp Ngjp> fhyuh> kQ;rs; fhkhiy> ilgha;L Nghd;w Neha;fs; Vw;gLfpd;wd.
ePh; top Neha;fspypUe;J jLg;G Kiwfs;:
1. Fbf;Fk; ePiu Kiwahf ePh; ghpNrhjpj;Jf; nfhs;Sjy;
fiue;jpUf;Fk; nghUl;fs;/cg;Gf;fs;
VNjDk; kpFjpahd mstpy; ,Ue;jhy; mj;jifa ePiu Fbg;gjw;Fk;> rikg;gjw;Fk; KOikahf jtph;j;jy;.
vdpDk; gpw cgNahfq;fSf;F kl;Lk; ePiu juk; mwpe;J gad;gLj;Jj;Jjy;.
2. ePhpy; kpFe;jpUf;Fk; nghUl;fis Rj;jpfhpg;G Kiwfs;
%yk; mfw;wp Fbg;gjw;F cfe;jjhf;Fjy;. tPl;lstpy; ,Uk;G ePf;Fk; Rj;jpfhpg;G Kiwfis
vspjhf ifahSjy;.
3. rKjha mstpy; njhopy; El;g mbg;gilapyhd Rj;jpfhpg;G Kiwfis ifahSjy;.
4. ePiu (Fwpg;ghf kio fhyq;fspy; ) fha;r;rp>
nfhjpf;fitj;J> Fspuitj;J tbfl;b gpd; Fbg;gjw;F gad;gLj;Jjy;.
5. rKjha mstpy; Neha;;f; fpUkpfis mopf;f FNshhpd;
(my;yJ) gpsPr;rpq; gTlh; gad;gLj;Jjy; (xU ypl;lUf;F 1-3 kp.fp gpsPr;rpq; gTlh; my;yJ 1000 ypl;lUf;F 1-3 fpuhk; gpsPr;rpq;
gTlh;)
6. fopT ePh; ePuhjhuq;fis nrd;wilahky; ghJfhj;jy;.
7. Fg;igf; $sq;fis Kiwahf mg;Gwg;gLj;Jjy;. ,tw;wpYs;s NfL tpistpf;Fk; nghUl;fs; kiof; fhyq;fspy; mbj;J te;J ePuhjhuq;fis khRgLj;jhky;
ghJfhj;jy;.
8. ifg; gk;Gfs; kw;Wk; Foha; gk;Gfis Rw;wp ePh;
Njq;fh tz;zk; ghJfhj;jy;> Foha; mbapy; Fspj;jy;> khLfis fOTjy;> ghj;jpuk; Jyf;Fjy; Nghd;wtw;iw jtph;j;jy;.
9. Fbg;gjw;F gad;gLj;Jk; Fsk;> Fl;il Nghd;wtw;iw
ghJfhg;ghf itj;jpUj;jy;.
ePhpd; jd;ik gw;wpa re;Njfq;fSk;
tpsf;fq;fSk;:
|
njhlu; vz; |
ePhpd; gz;Gfs; kw;Wk; gad;gLj;Jk; Kiwfs; gw;wpa re;Njfq;fs; |
tpsf;fq;fs; |
|
1 |
fpzw;W ePhpy; vz;nza; Nghd;w kpjit kw;Wk; ePiu Nrfhpj;J itf;Fk; nghONjh> nfhjpf;f itf;Fk; nghONjh ntz;ik epwj;J}s;
gbfpwJ. |
ePhpy; kpFjpahf cs;s igfhh;gNdl;L fhy;rpak; fhh;gNdl;L vd;w cg;ghf ntspg;gLfpwJ.
,jdhy; clYf;F nfLjp VJk; ,y;iy. |
|
2 |
gy; fhtp epwkhf khWfpwJ. |
GNshiuL fye;j ePiu gUFtjhYk; Vw;glyhk;. gp.vr; (pH) Fiwe;j
ePhpy; gy; Jyf;FjYk; xU fhuzkhf ,Uf;fyhk;. |
|
3 |
tPl;bd;
Nky; epiyj; njhl;bfspy; ghrp gbfpwJ. |
fhw;W> #hpa xsp ,Uf;Fk; nghOJ ghrp Vw;gLfpwJ. ,jw;F Nky; epiyj; njhl;bfis
ed;F %b itj;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;. fpzWfisAk; ePh; Nrfhpf;Fk; njhl;bfisAk; ed;F %b ghJfhf;ff
Ntz;Lk;. ePh;j;njhl;bfis mbf;fb Rj;jk; nra;a Ntz;Lk;. jFe;j msT gpsPr;rpq; gTlUk;
Nrh;f;fyhk;. |
|
4 |
Rpzw;W ePhpy; rpW rpW G+r;rpfs; kpFjpahf ,Uf;fpwJ |
,tw;wpw;F kPd; tiffis fpzw;wpy; tsh;f;fyhk;. (Gambusia or
Tilapia) |
|
5 |
gp.tp.rp (P.V.C) Foha;fspy; ntz;ikahf cg;G gbjy;. |
fhy;rpak; fhh;gNdl;L cg;G gbfpwJ. ,ij mfw;WtJ kpff;fbdk; MFk;. fhw;wOj;j (Compressor) kw;Wk; n[l; (Jet) gk;Gfisj; jtph;j;jy;. ePh; %o;fp (Submersible) gk;Gfisg; gad;gLj;jyhk;.
|
|
6 |
ePhpypUe;J mOfpa Kl;ilapd; ehw;wk; tPRjy;. |
mq;ffg; nghUl;fs; mOfp i`l;u[d; ry;igL thA ePhpy; ntspg;gLjy;. ePhpy;
fhw;iw nrYj;jp Jh;ehw;wj;ij mfw;wyhk;. |
|
7 |
MWkhjj;jpw;Fs;shd Foe;ijf;F ePyNkWjy; kw;Wk; ,we;J tpLjy;. |
iel;Nul;L cg;G fhuzkhf ,Uf;fyhk;.
iel;Nul;L msTf;Fs; ,Uf;Fk; ePiu Foe;ijfSf;F gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. (nghpath;fis ,J ghjpf;fhJ) |
|
8 |
ePh; Nrhg;Gf; fl;bapy; Eiuf;fhky; ,Uj;jy; (jphp jphpahf Nrhg;G fiujy;) |
fbd ePhpdhy; ,J Vw;gLfpwJ. fbd
ePiu jtph;f;f Ntz;Lk;. jiu ePh; (Surface water) fbdj;jd;ik Fiwe;jjhf
,Uf;Fk;. |
|
9 |
Jzpkzpfspy; fhtp my;yJ gOg;G fiwgLjy; |
ePhpy; ,Uk;G cg;G ,Ug;gjhy; Vw;gLfpwJ. |
|
10 |
ePiu gpbj;J Nrfhpj;J itj;jhy; kQ;rs; epwkhf MfptpLfpwJ. |
,J ,Uk;G (Iron) cg;G
,Ug;gjhy; epfo;fpwJ. ,Uk;G mfw;Wk; Rj;jpfhpg;G Kiwfisg;; gad;gLj;jyhk; |
|
11 |
ePhpd; fbdj;jd;ik vd;why; vd;d? |
ePhpy; fhy;rpak; kw;Wk; kf;dPrpak; cg;Gf;fs; mjpfk; ,Ue;jhy; mjd; fbdj; jd;ik mjpfkhf ,Uf;Fk;. ,jdhy; Nrhg;G fl;b rhptu Eiuf;fhJ. |
|
12 |
Rpy Neuq;fspy; rikf;Fk; nghOJ NrhW kQ;rs; epwkhf MfptpLfpwJ. |
ePhpy; fhuj;jd;ik (Alkalinity) mjpfkhf ,Ue;jhy; NrhW
Ntf itj;j gpd; kQ;rs; epwkhf ,Uf;Fk;. gUg;Gk; rhptu NtfhJ. |
|
13 |
foptiwj; njhl;b (Septic tank) kw;Wk; fpzW my;yJ Mo;Foha; fpzW ,tw;wpw;F ,ilNa ,Uf;f Ntz;ba ,ilntsp
vt;tsT? |
Rkhh; 50 mb ,ilntsp ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; |
|
14 |
ePh;
cg;ghf ,Ug;gJ Vd;? |
ePhpy; Nrhbak; FNshiuL vd;w cg;G mjpfkhdhy; cg;G Rit mjpfhpf;Fk;. |
|
15 |
fpzw;W ePiu gbfhuk; Nghl;L Rj;jk; nra;ayhkh? |
fyq;fyhd ePiu kl;LNk gbfhuk; Nghl;L Rj;jpfhpf;fyhk;. vdpDk; gbfhuj;jpjd;
msT mjpfhpj;jhy;> Rj;jpfhpf;fg;gl;l ePhpy; mYkpdpaj;jpjd; msT mjpfkhf ,Uf;Fk;. ,J
cly; eyDf;F nfLjy; MFk;. gbfhuj;jij Nrh;f;f Ntz;ba msT njhpahky; mij gad;gLj;jf;$lhJ. nghJthf gpspr;rpq;J}s; jtpu gpw nfkpf;fy;fis tPLfspy; Kiw njhpahky; gad;gLj;jf;$lhJ. |
|
16 |
fpzw;W ePhpy; cg;Gj; jd;ikia ePf;f Njj;jq; nfhl;il my;yJ ney;yp kuf;fl;ilia
gad;gLj;jyhkh? |
Njj;jq;nfhl;il my;yJ ney;yp kuf;fl;il Jth;g;G Rit cilaJ. Jth;gGk; cg;G
RitAk; ,Uf;Fk; nghOJ ePh; cg;G Fiwe;jjhf czug;glyhk;. vdpDk; ePhpy; fiue;Js;s nghUs;fspd; mstpy; ve;j khw;wKk; Vw;gLtjp;y;iy.
ePh; Rj;jpfhpf;fg;gLtJk; ,y;iy. |
tPLfspy; ePiug; ghJfhf;Fk; Kiwfs;:
1.ed;F fOtp Rj;jkhf ,Uf;Fk; ghj;jpuq;fspNyNa
ePiu Nrkpj;J itf;f Ntz;Lk;.
2.tPl;by; gad;gLj;Jk; ePh;j; njhl;bfis mbf;fb
fOtp Rj;jk; nra;a Ntz;Lk;.
3.tPl;bYs;s Nky;epiy kw;Wk; jiukl;l ePh;
njhl;bfis ed;F %b ghJfhf;f Ntz;Lk;. #hpa xsp Gfhky; ,Ue;jhy; gy tif fpUkpfs;
kw;Wk; ghrp Nghd;wtw;wpd; ngUf;fj;ij jtph;f;fyhk;.
4.ePiu nfhjpf;f itj;J Fspu itj;J tbfl;b
gpd; gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. Fwpg;ghf kiofhyq;fspy; ,k;Kiwia mtrpak; gpd;gw;wNtz;Lk;.
5.ePh;j; njhl;bfspy; 100 ypl;lh; ePUf;F
1.5 fpuhk; vd;w mstpw;F 30 tpOf;fhL jpwd; cs;s gpsPr;rpq; gTlH; (Bleaching powder) jpdKk; fyf;fpdhy; ePhpy; cs;s fpUkpfis
mopf;f KbAk;.
6.Foha;fspy; gpbf;fg;gLk; ePh; fyq;fyhf
,Ue;jhy; ePiu Nrfhpj;J gpd; xd;W my;yJ ,uz;L ehl;fs; fopj;J ePhpd; mbapy; jq;fptpLk; jphpe;j frL Nghd;w nghUl;fis tbfl;b ePf;fptpl;L
gpd; gad;gLj;jyhk;. ,uz;L %d;W ehl;fspy; Njf;fp itf;fg;gl;l ePh; Ez;Zaphpfs;.
gpw fpUkpfs;> fiue;jpUf;Fk; mq;ffg;nghUl;fs; Mfpait jhkhfNt mope;J Ra Rj;jpfhpg;G milAk;.
fyq;fy;> ,Uk;G cg;Gf;fs; Nghd;witAk; jphpe;J ePhpd; mbapy; jq;fptpLk;. ,ij
gphpj;njLg;gJ vspJ. vdpDk; GNshiuL> FNshiuL> iel;Nul;L> Nrhbak;>
fhy;rpak; Nghd;w fiue;Js;s cg;Gf;fspd; msT Nrfhpj;J itf;fg;gLk; ePhpy; FiwahJ. ,it
Rj;jpfhpf;fg;gLtJk; ,y;iy.
7.gpsPr;rpq; gTlh; jtpu NtW ve;j ,urhadg;
nghUisAk; jFe;j MNyhrid ,y;yhky; tPLfspy; gad;gLj;jf;$lhJ.
8. tPl;bYs;s
nrhe;j ePuhjhuj;jpypUe;J ngWk; ePiu Kiwahf Mz;bw;F xU Kiw my;yJ ,U Kiw ghpNrhjpj;J nfhs;syhk;.
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