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ePhpYs;s fiu nghUs;fs;
kio ePh; J}a;ikahd ePuhf ,Ue;jhYk;> mJ jiuapy; gl;l gpd;G kz;zpYs;s jhJg;nghUl;fSk; gpw nghUl;fSk;
fye;J mjd; Fzk; khWfpwJ. Nrhbak;> FnshiuL> fhy;rpak;> ry;Ngl;L Nghd;w
cg;Gf;fs; ,lj;jpjw;Nfw;wthW ntt;NtW tpfpjq;fspy; fiue;J fhzg;gLfpwJ. ,jdhy; ePhpd;
RitAk;> jd;ikAk; ,lj;jpw;F ,lk; ntt;NtW tpjkhf khWfpwJ.
ePhpy; fiue;Js;s nghUs;fshf 2>000 -f;Fk; Nkw;gl;l nghUl;fs; fz;lwpag;gl;Ls;sd. Mdhy; kz;zpd; jd;ik kw;Wk; cg;Gf;fspd; fiu jpwidg; nghWj;J Rkhh; gj;J my;yJ gjpide;J nghUl;fNs ,aw;ifahf
ePhpy; fiue;jpUg;gijf; fhzyhk;. vdpDk; ePh; Mjhuq;fs; khRgLtjd; fhuzkhfNth my;yJ
kz;zpy; kf;fpAs;s nghUs;fis fiuj;Jf; nfhs;tjd; fhuzkhfNth NkYk; gy nghUs;fSk; ePhpy; fiue;jpUg;gijf; fhzyhk;.
ePhpd; jd;ikfs;:
ePhpy; ,aw;ifahf ,Uf;Fk; nghUl;fis fPo;f;fz;lthW gphpf;fyhk;:
,aw;gpay; gz;Gfs; (Physical
properties):
1)Rit ( TASTE)
nkhj;jf; fiu cg;Gf;fs; 300 kp.fp / ypl;lh; vd;w mstpw;F fPohf ,Ue;jhy; me;j
ePh; RitAs;sjhf ,Uf;Fk;. nkhj;jf; fiu cg;Gf;fspd; msT 1>200 kp.fp/ypl;lh;
vd;w msitj; jhz;Lk; nghOJ Rit Vw;Gilajhf ,Uf;fhJ. nkhj;jf; fiu cg;Gf;fs; kpf
kpff; Fiwthf ,Ue;jhy; me;j ePh; Ritaw;wjhf ,Uf;Fk;. ePhpy; FNshiuL> ry;Ngl;L>
kf;dPrpak;> fhy;rpak; kw;Wk; fhh;gNdl;L Nghd;wit ,Ue;jhy; me;j ePh; Foha;fis mhpf;Fk; jd;ikAilajhfNth cg;G gbAk; jd;ikAilajhfNth ,Uf;Fk;. cyf Rfhjhu epWtdk; (WHO)
nkhj;jf; fiu cg;Gf;fSf;F topfhl;L msthf 1>000 kp.fp/ypl;lh; vd;w msit eph;zapj;J
cs;sJ. ,e;jpa ju eph;za fofk; (BIS) nkhj;jf; fiu cg;Gf;fSf;F
topfhl;L msthf 2>000 kp.fp / ypl;lh; vd;w msit eph;zapj;Js;sJ.
2. fyq;fy; vz; (Turbidity) :
ePhpy; mOf;F> J}rp> NrW Nghd;wit ,Ue;jhy; mjw;F fyq;fpa jd;ik Vw;gLk;. rpy fhpkg; nghUl;fSk; ePhpy; cs;s Ez;Zaph;fSk; $l ePhpw;F fyq;fs; jd;ik Vw;gLj;Jk;. rpypf;fh(Silica), ,Uk;G Nghd;w cg;Gf;fs; mjpfk; ,Ue;jhYk; fyq;fy; jd;ik Vw;gLk;. jhtuq;fs; mOfp ePhpy; fiuAk; nghOJk; kw;Wk; njhopw;rhiy fopT ePh; NrUtjhYk; fyq;fy; jd;ik kw;Wk; epwk;
Mfpait Vw;gLk;; ePhpy; fyq;fy; jd;ik fyq;fy; vz; vd;w myfhy; mstplg;gLfpwJ. fyq;fs; vz; neg;gNyh kPl;lh; (Nephelometer) vd;w fUtpahy; mstplg;gLfpwJ. fyq;fy; jd;ikia Vw;gLj;Jk; Jfs;fs; 10 ehNdh kPl;lhpypUe;J (nm) 0.1 kp.kP. (mm) msT nfhz;ljhf
,Uf;fyhk;. Fsk;> Fl;il> MW Nghd;w jiu ePh;> fpzW kw;Wk; Mo; Foha; fpzW
Mfptw;wpypUe;J ngwg;gLk; ePiu tpl mjpf fyq;fy; nfhz;ljhf ,Uf;Fk;. FNshhpd;>
gpsPrpq; gTlh;> Gw Cjhf; fjph; Nghd;w Ez;Zaph;ehrpdpfs; mjpf fyq;fy; nfhz;l ePhpy; Ez;Zaph;fis KOf;f mopf;f ,ayhJ. ,e;jpa ju eph;za fofk; fyq;fy; vz; 10
vd;w topfhl;L msit eph;zapj;J cs;sJ. fyq;fy; vz; 1 vd;w mstpw;F fPohf ,Ue;jhy;
me;j ePh; kpfTk; Vw;Gila xd;whFk;.
3. gp.vr; (pH) msT:
jz;zPhpd; fhu kw;Wk; mkpy jd;ikia Fwpg;gJ gp.vr; (pH) MFk;. ,J ePhpy; ,Uf;ff;$ba i`l;u[d; madpfspd; nrhpit Fwpf;Fk;. ePhpd;
gp.vr; msT 7.0 vd;w mstpw;F fPNo ,Ue;jhy; mJ mkpy jd;ikiaAk; 7.0 f;F Nkyhf ,Ue;jhy; mJ fhuj; jd;ikiaAk; Fwpf;Fk;. ePhpd; gp.vr;. msT 6.5 apypUe;J 8.5 f;Fs; ,Ue;jhy; mJ Fbg;gjw;F cfe;j mstpy; ,Ug;gjhf nfhs;syhk;. Nkw;$wpa mstpw;F mg;ghw;gl;L gp.vr; ,Uf;Fk; ePiu mUe;jpdhy; tha;> czTf; Foha; Mfpatw;wpy;
cs;s rt;T (Membrane) ghjpf;fg;gLk;. Rz;zhk;G gbtq;fs; fhzg;gLk;
,lq;fspy; cs;s ePh; mjpf gp.vr;. msit nfhz;ljhf ,Uf;Fk;. nghUs;fis mhpj;jy;>
mhpg;gpypUe;J ghJfhj;jy;> cg;Gg; gbjy;> ,Uk;G ghf;Bhpahtpd; ngUf;fk;>
ePhpy; mq;ffg; nghUl;fs; rpije;J i`bu[d; ry;igL (Hydrogen
sulphide) thA fiue;jpUj;jy;> ePh; Rj;jpfhpg;G Kiwfs;>
FNshhpd; Vw;wk; (Chlorination) Nghd;w gyTk; ePhpd; gp.vr; msit nghUj;J ,Uf;Fk;.
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4. fhuj;jd;ik (Alkalinity) :
fhh;gNdl;L> igfhh;gNdl;L> kw;Wk; i`buhf;i]L Mfpa madpfs; ePhpw;F fhuj;jd;ikia ey;Ffpd;wd. NghNul;L> gh];Ngl;L kw;Wk; rpypNfl;L MfpaitAk; fhuj; jd;ikia ey;Fk;. gp.vr;. 8.3-f;F Fiwthf ,Uf;Fk; nghOJ fhuj; jd;ik igfhh;gNdl;L madpapdhy; Vw;gLfpwJ. ,e;jpa ju eph;za fofk; fhuj; jd;ikf;F 600 kp.fp/ypl;lh; vd;fpw topfhl;L msit eph;zapj;Js;sJ. mjpf fhuj; jd;ikAs;;s ePhpy; Ntfitf;Fk; nghOJ rhjk; kQ;rs; epwkhf khWfpwJ. fhuj;jd;ikAs;s ePhpy; gUg;Gk; rhpahf NtfhJ.
5. mYkpdpak;:
fyq;fyhd ePiu Rj;jpfhpf;f mYkpdpak; cg;G (Alum- gbfhuk;) gad;gLfpwJ. vdNt gbfhuj;jij gad;gLj;jp Rj;jpfhpf;fg;gl;l ePhpy; mYkpdpak; ,Ug;gjw;F tha;g;G ,Uf;fpwJ. mjpf msT mYkpdpak; clypypUe;J gh];Ngl;il ,of;f nra;Ak;. ePhpy;
0.2 kp.fp/ypl;lUf;F Nky; mYkpdpak; kpff;$lhJ.
6. FNshiuL:
mjpf msT FNshiuL ,Ue;jhy; ePh; cg;GRit nfhz;ljhf ,Uf;Fk;
nfhjpfyd;fspy; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; ePh; mjpf FNshiuil nfhz;bUe;jhy; nfhjpfyd; mhpf;fg;gl;L Jisfs; Vw;gLk;
7. GNshiuL:
fe;jf mkpyk;> gh];Ngl; cuq;fs;> mYkpdpak; jahhpf;Fk; njhopw;rhiyfspy; ,Ue;J tUk; fopT ePh;
Mfpait mjpf msT GNshiuL cg;gpid nfhz;bUf;Fk;. ,jdhy; mUfhikapYs;s epyj;jb ePhpy;
GNshiubd; msT mjpfkhf fhzg;glyhk;. ,Jty;yhky; G+kpapy; cs;s rpy tif jhJg; nghUl;fs;
(fluorspar,cryolite, and fluorapatite) mjpfkhf ,Uf;Fk; nghOJ GNshiubd; msT ePhpy; mjpfhpf;fyhk;. gw; nrhj;ij Vw;glhky; ,Uf;f GNshiuL rpwpjsT ePhpy; ,Uf;f Ntz;baJ mtrpak;. (0.6 kp.fp/ypl;lh; vd;w mstpy;) Fiwthf GNshiuL
cs;s ePiu gUfpdhy; gw;nrhj;ij Vw;glyhk;. ,J gy; kw;Wk; vYk;G kz;lyj;ij ntFthf
ghjpf;Fk;. ,e;jpahtpy; ,uh[];jhd;> F[uhj;> cj;jpugpuNjrk;> Me;jpugpuNjrk;>
kw;Wk; jkpo;ehL Mfpa khepyq;fs; ePhpy; mjpf GNshiulhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. jkpo;ehl;by;
<NuhL> Nryk;> jUkGhp Mfpa khtl;lq;fs; ntFthf ghjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. Nfhak;Gj;J}h;>
ehkf;fy;> f&h;> jpz;Lf;fy;> NtY}h;> tpUJefh; Nghd;w khtl;lq;fSk; Xustpw;F GNshiulhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ePhpy; GNshiubd; msT 1.5 kp.fp/ypl;lh; vd;w msit kpFk; nghOJ gy; rk;ge;jgl;l
GNshNuh]p]; Neha; Vw;gLfpwJ. ,J Foe;ijfSf;F (gpwe;jjpypUe;J 7 taJ tiu) ghjpg;ig
Vw;gLj;JfpwJ. GNshiubd; msT 3.0 kp.fp/ypl;lh; vd;w msit kpFk;
nghOJ vYk;G rk;ge;jg;gl;l GNshNuh]p]; Neha; Vw;gLfpwJ. 5.0 my;yJ 10.0 kp.fp/ypl;lh; vd;w msit kpFk; nghOJ vYk;Gf; $L mirTfis ,oe;J Klf;fKk; Vw;gl;LtpLfpwJ.
8. jhkpuk;:
jhkpuk; clYf;F Njitahd Ez; rj;Jg;nghUshFk;. ,aw;ifahd
%yg;nghUshd nrk;G gytpjkhd jhJg; nghUl;fspYk; fhzg;gLfpwJ. kpd; fUtpfs;> Kyhk;
G+Rjy;> gpj;jis ntz;fyk; Nghd;w fyg;G cNyhfq;fs; jahhpj;jy; Mfpatw;wpy; nrk;G gad;gLfpwJ.
jhkpu Mf;i]L cuq;fspYk; ghrp> fhshd; Nghd;wtw;iw mopf;f jahhpf;fg;gLk; kUe;JfspYk; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. th;z G+r;RfSf;Fk; kuk; nflhky; ghJfhf;f G+rg;gLk; ,urhad nghUl;fspYk;
nrk;G gad;gLfpwJ. mjpf mstpy; jhkpuk; cl;Gf Neh;e;jhy; mJ clYf;F xt;thJ. mjpf msT jhkpuj;ij cl;nfhz;lhy; clypy; [t;T Nghd;w Njhy; gFjpfspy; vhpr;ry; cz;lhFk;. euk;G kz;lyj;jpYk; vhpr;ry; Vw;gL;k;. kpFe;j
Nrhh;T Vw;gL;k;. fy;yPuy;> rpWePufk; Nghd;witAk; ghjpf;fg;glyhk;.
9. fbdj; jd;ik (Hardness):
mlu;thd Nky; kz; kw;Wk; Rz;zhk;G cs;s G+kpapy; ePh; mjpf fbdj; jd;ikia ePUf;F nfhLf;fpwJ. fhy;rpak; kw;Wk; nkf;dPrpak; cg;Gf;fs; fbdj;jd;ikia ePUf;F nfhLf;fpwJ.
ePhpd; fbdj;jd;ik 600 kp.fp/ypl;lh; vd;w mstpw;F mjpfkhf ,Ue;jhy; Nrhg;G fl;b Eiuf;fhJ. kf;dPrpak; ry;Ngl;L vd;w cg;ghf ,Ue;jhy; Fly; ,yfp kyg;Nghf;F Vw;gL;k.
fbdj;jd;ik kpfTk; Fiwe;j ePh; mhpg;Gj; jd;ik nfhz;ljhf ,Uf;Fk;. vdpDk;
,e;j mhpg;Gj; jd;ik gp.vr;> fhuj;jd;ik> fiue;Js;s Mf;]p[d; msT Mfpatw;iw nghUj;J ,Uf;Fk;. fhy;rpak;> kf;dPrpak; Mfpait igfhh;gNdl;L cg;Gfshf ,Ue;jhy; ePh; jw;fhypf fbdj; jd;ik nfhz;ljhf fUjg;gLfpwJ. ,f;fbdj; jd;ikia ePiu nfhjpf;f itj;J tbfl;Ltjd; %yk; ePf;fptplyhk;. vdpDk; fhy;rpak;> kf;dPrpak; Mfpait ry;Ngl;L> my;yJ FNshiuL cg;Gf;fshf ,Ue;jhy; me;j ePh; epiyahd
fbdj; jd;ik nfhz;ljhf fUjg;gLfpwJ. ,ij vspjpy; mfw;w KbahJ. vdpDk; czT tpLjpfs; kw;Wk; njhopw;rhiyfspy; fbd ePiu Rj;jpfhpf;f Neh;kpd; nu]pd;fis (Cation resins)
gad;gLj;Jfpd;wdh;. ePhpy; mjpf msT igfhh;gNdl;L kw;Wk; fhh;gNdl;L cg;Gfs; ,Ue;jhy;
mit fhy;rpak; fhh;gNdl;L vd;w ntz;ik J}shf ntspg;gL;k;. ,jdhy; clYf;F nfLjp VJkpy;iy. ePiu tbfl;b gad;gLj;jyhk;. fhy;rpak;
fhh;gNdl;L nfhjp fyd;fspYk; kw;Wk; tPl;by; gad;gLj;jg;gL;k; ghj;jpuq;fspYk;
ntz;ikahd cg;ghf gbAk; jd;ik nfhz;lJ. fbdj; jd;ikf;F cr;r mDkjp msT 600 kp.fp/ypl;lh; MFk;.
10. ,Uk;G :
Ez;zpa msT ,Uk;G rj;J clYf;F kpfTk; NjitahdJ. ,uj;jj;jpy;
rptg;G mZtpy; ,Uk;G mZ Nrh;e;jpUf;fpwJ. ,J gpuhz thAit cly; KOtJk; vLj;J nry;y gad;gLfpwJ.
epyj;jb ePhpy; ,Uk;G > igfhh;gNdl;L vd;w cg;ghf ,Uf;fpwJ. ,j;ijifa
epiyapy; me;j ePiu ,iuj;J Njf;fp itj;jhy; mJ kQ;rs; gOg;G epwkhf khwptpL;k;. ,j;jifa
ePiu xU ehisf;F Njf;fp itj;J tbfl;bdhy; J}a;ikahd ePuhf khwptpLk;. ePhpy; ,Uk;G
madp ,Ue;jhy; ,Uk;G ghf;Bhpahf;fs; ngUfp ePh; Ve;jp nry;Yk; Foha;fspy; rptg;G
kz;zhf gbAk;. ifg;gk;Gfspy; Muk;gj;jpy;
,iwf;Fk; ePh; kQ;rs; rptg;G my;yJ gOg;G fye;j nre;epwkhf ,Ug;gjw;F ,Uk;G ghf;BhpahNt
Kf;fpa fhuzkhFk;. ePhpy; fhw;iw nrYj;jpdhy; ,Uk;G jphp jphpahf gphpe;J gpd; ePhpd;
mbapy; Njq;fptpLk;. ,ij mfw;WtJk; vspjhFk;.
,Uk;G fye;j ePh; Vw;Gila Rit nfhz;bUf;fhJ. 2.0 kp.fp/ypl;lh; vd;w mstpw;F ,Uk;G ,Ue;jhy; ePhpd; Rit rpwpJ frg;ghfNt ,Uf;Fk;. ,Uk;G fye;j ePiu tPLfspy; gad;gLj;jpdhy; Jzpkzpfs; gOg;Gepwkhf khwptpLk;. Nkhrhapf; jiuAk; gsgsg;G Fiwe;J gOg;ghfptpLk;. ePhpy; ,Uk;gpd; msT mjpfgl;rkhf 1.0 kp.fp/ypl;lh;
vd;w msptw;F kpff;$lhJ vdpDk; 0.3 kp.fp/ypl;lh; vd;w mstpw;F kpfhky; ghh;j;Jf; nfhs;tJ kpfTk; ey;yJ.
11. khq;fdPR:
khq;fdPRk; xU Ez;zpa rj;Jg;nghUshFk;. ,Uk;G cs;s ePhpy; rpwpjsT khq;fdPRk; ,Uf;fyhk;. ,Uk;G Nghd;W khq;fdPRk; Jzpkzpfs;> ePh; Ve;jp nry;Yk; Foha;fs; Mfpatw;wpy; ghjpg;ig Vw;gLj;Jk;. RpyNeuq;fspy; 0.02 kp.fp/ypl;lh; vd;w mstpy; ,Uf;Fk; nghOJ $l ,J fUg;G
J}shf ntspg;gl;L Foha;fspy; gbe;J ePh; tuj;ij Fiwj;JtpLk;.
12. Nrhbak;:
Nrhbaj;jpd;
cg;Gfs; mjpf fiujpwd; nfhz;litahFk;. tPl;Lf; fopTePh;> njhopw;rhiy fopT ePh;>
flw;fiu Xuq;fspy; fly; ePh; cl;GFjy;> ePiu nkd;ikahf;Fk; kw;Wk; mhpg;igj; jLf;Fk; ,urhadg; nghUl;fs; Mfpait ePhpy; Nrhbaj;jpd;
msT mjpfhpf;f Jiz Ghpfpd;wd. ruhrhpahf xU kdpjd; xU ehisf;F czT kw;Wk; FbePhpd; %ykhf cl;nfhs;Sk; Nrhbaj;jpd; msT 3.6 fpuhk;
MFk;. kdpj clypDs; caph; nry;ypw;F ntspNa ,Uf;Fk; jputj;jpy;Nrhbaj;jpd; msT mjpfkhf cs;sJ. ,JNt mj;jputj;jpd; rt;T+L (M];khbf;-
osmatic) nraiy eph;zapf;fpwJ. clypy; cs;s euk;G kw;Wk; `hh;Nkhd;fspd;
%ykhf Nrhbaj;jpd; msT clypy; cs;s jputj;jpy; rkr;rPh; epiyapy; itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. Nrhbaj;jpd;
msit fl;Lg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;s kdpj clyhy; ,aYk; vd;gjhy; Nrhbak; cly; eyj;jpw;F nfLjp tpistpf;Fk; nghUshf fUjg;gLtjpy;iy. vdpDk; Nrhbaj;jpd; msT kpf mjpfkhf ,Uf;Fk; nghOJ
kj;jpa euk;G kz;lyk; ghjpf;fg;glyhk;. cah; mOj;jKk; (Hyper tension)
Vw;glyhk;. Foe;ijfSf;F ,uj;j mOj;jk; mjpfhpf;fyhk;. Nrhbak;> Nrhbak; FNshiuL vd;w cg;ghf mjpf mstpy; cl;nfhs;sg;gl;lhy; the;jp Vw;gl;L me;j cg;G ntspg;gl;L
tpL;k;. xU ehisf;F 1.6 fpuhk; Kjy; 9.6 fpuhk; vd;w mjpf mstpy; cl;nfhs;sg;gl;lhYk;
ruhrhp kdpjd; ghjpf;fg;gLtjpy;iy. nghJthf kdpjdpd; ckpo; ePhpy; ,Uf;Fk; cg;gpd; msTk; ePhpy cs;s cg;gpd; msTk; xNu msthf ,Ue;jhy;
me;j ePh; Ritaw;wjhf czug;gLk;. Ritapd; mbg;gilapy; Nrhbaj;jpw;F topfhl;L msthf
200 kp.fp/ypl;lh; vd;w mstpid cyf Rfhjhu epWtdk; eph;zapj;Js;sJ.
13. ry;Ngl;L:
ngUk;ghyhd ry;Ngl;L cg;Gf;fs; ePhpy; fiuAk; jd;ik nfhz;lit.
ePh; Rj;jpfhpg;G epiyaq;fspy; gbfhuk; gad;gLj;jg;gLtjhy;> Rj;jpfhpf;fg;gl;l ePhpy; xU ypl;lUf;F 20 Kjy; 50 kp.fpuhk;
tiu ry;Ngl;bd; msT cah;e;jpUg;gij fhzyhk;. ry;Ngl;L Flypy; ,Ue;J clYf;Fs; mjpfk;
fpufpf;fg;gLtjpy;iy. 1000 kp.fp/ypl;lh; vd;w mstpid kpFk; nghOJ kf;dPrpak; ry;Ngl;L kyf;fopT Vw;glyhk;. ,JNt
ry;Ngl;bw;F cah;e;j gl;r topfhl;L msthf nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ. ePhpd; fhuj;j;dik Fiwthf ,Uf;Fk; nghOJ mjpf msT ryNgl;L ePh; tpepNahf Foha;fspy; mhpg;ig Vw;gLj;Jk;.
14. Jj;jehfk; :
Jj;jehf cg;Gf;fs; Fiwe;j fiu jpwd; nfhz;bUg;gjhy; mtw;wpd; msT> ePhpy; kpff; FiwthfNt ,Uf;Fk;. Kyhk; G+rg;gl;l Foha;fs; topahf ePh; nfhz;L nry;Yk; nghOJ mjpy; Jj;jehfj;jpjd; msT
mjpfhpf;fyhk;. Jj;jehfk; cly; eyj;jpw;F Njitahd Ez;zpa rj;Jg;nghUshFk;. clypYs;s vd;irk;fs; nray;gLtjw;F nghpJk;
cjTfpwJ. ruhrhp kdpjDf;F xU ehisf;F 4 Kjy; 15 kp.fp vd;w mstpw;F Jj;jehfk; clYf;F
Njitg;gLfpwJ. nghJthf Jj;Jehfk; tp\j; jd;ikaw;wJ.
vdpDk; Jj;jehfj;jpd; msT ePhpy; kpFjpahFk; nghOJ the;jp> ePh; ,oj;jy;> mbtapw;wpy; typ> Nrhk;Ngwpj;jdk;>
jir xj;Jiog;G ,d;ik Mfpait Vw;glyhk;. mjpf
msT Jj;jehfk; ePhpy; ,Ue;jhy; ehf;if ,Og;gJ Nghd;w Rit czug;gLk;. Jj;jehfk; cs;s
ePhpy; ntsph; ePy epwj;jpy; xsp gpujpg;gypg;G fhzg;gLk;. Jj;jehfj;jpw;F mjpf msT topfhl;L msT 5.0 kp.fp/ypl;lh; MFk;.
15. nts;sp:
Kyhk; G+Rjy;> Gifg;glk; vLj;jy; gytif cNyhff; fyitfs; jahhpj;jy;> kpd;rhjdq;fs;> G+Q;ir
mopg;ghd; jahhpj;jy; Nghd;w njhopy;fspd; %yk; nts;sp Rw;Wg;Gwj;jpy; gutyhk;. nts;sp
er;Rj;jd;ik nfhz;l cNyhfk; my;y. clYf;Fs; nry;Yk; nts;spapy; ngUk; gFjp kyj;jpd;
%yk; fopf;fg;gl;LtpLk;. clypy; jq;fk; nts;spapd; msT kpf kpff; FiwNt MFk;. Njhy;> Kb> efk; Nghd;wtw;iw ePhpy; fiue;Js;s nts;sp epwkpof;fr; nra;Ak;.
16. Mh;rdpf;:
kpf mjpf mstpy; cl;nfhs;sg;gl;lhy; kj;jpa euk;G kz;lyk; ghjpf;fg;gl;L epidtw;w epiyf;F js;sptpLk;. 70 kp.fpuhk; msit jhz;Lk; nghOJ ,wg;Gk; epfOk;.
njhlh;e;J Mh;rdpf; cs;s ePiu gUfpdhy; grp ,of;f NehpLk;. fz;> %f;F>
Fuy;tiy Nghd;w ,lq;fspy; cs;s [t;T Nghd;w Njhypy; tPf;fk; Vw;gLk;. Njhy;>
euk;G gFjpfs; Mfpait ghjpf;fg;gLk;. Njhy; rk;ge;jgl;l fhd;rh; tpahjpAk; tUfpwJ. 3ypUe;J 6 fpuhk;
/ypl;lh; vd;w mstpy; cs;s ePiu njhlh;e;J gUfpdhy; Mh;rdpf; eQ;rhf nray;gl;L ,jdhy;
caph; ,of;f NehpLk; Mh;rdpf;fpw;F mDkjp msT 0;05kp.fp/ypl;lh; vd;w msthFk;. ,e;jpahtpy; Nkw;F tq;f khepyk; ePhpy; Mh;rdpf;fpdhy; ntFthf ghjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
17. FNuhkpak; :
Njhy; gjdpLk; njhopw;rhiyfs; ,Uf;Fk; ,lq;fspy; epyj;jb ePhpy; FNuhkpak; fhzg;gLk;. Fiwe;j mstpy; ePhpy; ,Uf;Fk; nghOJ Flypy; vhpr;ry; Vw;gLk;. cly;
vilapy; xU fpNyhtpw;F 10 kp.fpuhk; vd;w mstpy; FNuhkpak; ,Ue;jhy; ,wg;G epfOk;. FNuhkpak; fye;j ePh; clypy; gLk; nghOJ Njhy; rk;ge;jgl;l Gw;W tpahjpfs; Vw;gLk;. ,e;j ePiu cl;nfhs;Sk; nghOJ [Puz rk;ge;jgl;l cWg;Gfspy; Gw;W tpahjp Vw;gLk;.
18. raidL :
raidL kpfTk; tp\j;jd;ik cilaJ. 50ypUe;J 60 kp.fpuhk;
msTs;s raidil xl;L nkhj;jkhf cl;nfhz;lhy; cldbahf ,wg;G epfOk;. vdpDk; ePhpy; 0.05 kp.;fp vd;w mstpw;Nf raidbd; mDkjp msT eph;zapf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
19. <ak; :
<aj;jhy; nra;ag;gl;l Foha;fs; topahf ePh; vLj;Jr; nry;yg;gl;lhy;> ePhpy; <ak; njd;gLk;. clypy; fpufpf;fg;gLk; <ak; ,uj;jj;jpd; topahf nkd;ikahd jpRf;fs; kw;Wk; vYk;G Mfpatw;iw
nrd;wilAk;. <ak; rpwpJ rpwpjhf Nrfhpf;fg;gl;L filrpapy; Nrhh;T> jsh;T>
vhpr;ry; Cl;ly;> ,uj;j Nrhif> mbtapw;Wg; gFjpapy; cgj;jputk; Foe;ijfspd; elj;ijapy; khw;wk; Mfpait Vw;gLk;.
20. nkh;Fhp : rpWePufj;ij
ntFthf ghjpf;Fk; nghUs; nkh;Fhp MFk;.
21. iel;Nul;L :
iel;Nul;L cliy nrd;wilAk; nghOJ> iel;Nul;L Mf khWfpwJ.
,J ,uj;jj;jpy; cs;s rptg;gZtpy; cs;s ,Uk;ig gjpyPL nra;fpwJ. ,jdhy; ,uj;jk;
ePy epwkhf khWtpLk;. MW khjj;jpw;F fPo; cs;s Foe;ijfs; iel;Nul;L fye;j ePiu gUFtjhy;
ntFthf ghjpf;fg;gLfpwhh;fs;. mth;fs; cly; ePy epwkhf khwp ,wf;fTk; NehpLk;. vdpDk; jha;g;ghy; Fbf;Fk; Foe;ijfis ,e;Neha; ghjpg;gjpy;iy. nghpath;fs; ,e;Nehahy; ghjpf;fg;gLtjpy;iy.
ePhpd; juj;ij ghjpf;Fk; nghUl;fs; :
tPl;Lf; fopTg; nghUl;fs; : tPl;Lf; fopT ePh; kw;Wk;
Fg;igfs; Kiwg;gb Rj;jpfhpf;fg;glhky; / mopf;fg;glhky; Rw;Wg;Gwq;fis nrd;wiltjhy; ePh; gy topfspYk; khRgLfpwJ. ePhpYs;s Nehaf; fpUkpfspd; vz;zpf;ifAk; gyklq;F mjpfhpf;fpwJ.
njhopw;rhiy fopTg;nghUl;fs; : gytpjkhd %yg;nghUl;fSk;
,urhadg; nghUl;fSk; njhopw;rhiyfspy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;L mq;fpUe;J ntsptUk; fopT ePh; kw;Wk; jplf;fopTfs; ePuhjhuq;fis miltjhy;
ePh; khRgLfpwJ. rhaj; njhopw;rhiyfs;> Njhy;gjdpLk; njhopw;rhiyfs;> rhuhaj;
njhopw;rhiyfs; > ngl;Nuh nfkpf;fy; Miyfs;> rh;f;fiu Miyfs;> kUe;J jahhpf;Fk; njhopw;rhiyfs;> Kyhk; G+Rk; njhopw;rhiyfs;>
G+r;rp kUe;J njhopw;rhiyfs;> fhfpjj; njhopw;rhiyfs; Mfpait jkpofj;jpy; ePh; epiyfis nghpJk; khRgLj;Jfpd;wd.
tptrha top khRg; nghUl;fs; : etPd tptrhaj;jpy; cuq;fs;> G+r;rp kUe;Jfs; Mfpait nghpJk; gad;gLfpd;wd. gaph;fs; Vw;Wf;nfhz;l ,urhad gbtq;fs; Nghf kPjp cs;s cuq;fs; kw;Wk; G+r;rp kUe;Jfs;
tha;f;fhy;fspy; fyg;gjhYk; epyj;jb ePh; Cw;Wld; NrUtjhYk; khR Vw;gl;Ls;sJ.
ePhpy; Ez;Zaph;fs;:
ghf;Bhpah vd;gJ kpfr;rpwpa xU - nry; caphp MFk;. ghf;Bhpahit
fz;zhy; ghh;f;f KbahJ. ikf;Nuh];Nfhg;gpd; %yKk; fhzKbahJ. ,it vy;yh ,lq;fspYk; gutpf;fhzg;gLfpwJ. ,it kz;> ePh;>
fhw;W czTg;nghl;fs; mOFk; fhpkg; nghUl;fs; Mfpatw;wpy; epiwe;Js;sd. ,it nehbapy;
gy;yhapuf;fzf;fpy; gy;fpg; ngUFk;. XU rpy ghf;Bhpahf;fs; jhtuq;fs;> tpyq;Ffs;>kdpjd;>
Mfpatw;wpy; xl;Lz;zpahf tho;e;J Nehapidj; Njhw;Wtpf;fpd;wd. rpy rhWz;zpfshf tho;fpd;wd. kdpjd; my;yJ tpyq;Fspd; rpWFlypy; ,it thOk;.
V];]hprpahNfhyp (Escherisia coli) xU xl;Lz;zpahFk;. XU
rpy ghf;Bhpahf;fs; ed;ik gag;gdthFk; cs;sd.
ePhpy; Neha; cz;lhf;Fk; fpUkpfs; ,Ug;gjhy; tapw;Wg;Nghf;F> the;jp Ngjp> fhyuh> kQ;rs;
fhkhiy> ilgha;L Nghd;w Neha;fs; Vw;gLfpd;wd |
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